why greater srress is given on the education of backwards classes.
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Answer:
E
ducation is one of the essential requirements for man-making and
nation building. It is indispensible for development of human
resources. Education imparts knowledge, skills, and character. After
independence, the governments in India relied more on literacy mission
emphasizing 3Rs (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic) to fulfil the expectations
of the Directive Principles of State Policy. At the backdrop of the New
Education Policy, likely to come up shortly, the paper makes a critical attempt
to appraise the statistics and status of the education among Tribes across
India.
Development should not be studied in isolation. Development is not
synonymous with the growth of a few affluent persons. As Amartya Sen
(1999) stated unless the capabilities among human beings are adequately
human freedoms, and this freedom can only be achieved when the people
are guaranteed political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities,
transparency, and security. Although these conditions are different from one
another, they are all inter-connected.
India has a rich glorious heritage, but a sizeable part of Indian
population is yet to get benefits out of it. They are still tribal communities
which are primitive and live in secluded are+as (Verma 1996). The Imperial
Gazetteer of India, 1911 defines tribe as a “collection of families bearing a
common name, speaking a common dialect, occupying or professing to
occupy a common territory and is not usually endogamous though originally
it might have been so” (Nithya 2014). According to D.N. Majumdar “A
tribe is a social group with territorial afflation, endogamous with no
specialization of functions, rule by tribal officers, hereditary or otherwise
united in language and dialect, recognizing social distance with other tribes
or caste without any social obloquy attaching to them, as it does in the caste
structure, following tribal traditions, beliefs and customs, illiberal of
naturalization of ideas, from alien sources, above all conscious of
homogeneity of ethnic and territorial integration” (quoted in Varma 1996).
The tribes in India usually reside in hill areas, forests, near the seas, and in
islands. Their life style is quite different from non-tribals (Preet 1994). It is
not that their societies are static, but the pace of social change in tribal
society is very slow. Since they are materially and economically backward,
attempts have been made by the Government to develop them. Today, the
governments in all countries are paying special attention to development of
the tribes (Nithya 2014). Though our national leaders and constitutional
makers are committed to uplift the tribal people, a desired level of
development has not been achieved