Question

why guard cells are present in lower epidermis but not in upper epidermis?​

Answer 1

Guard cells are present in the lower epidermis as the stomatal pore is present there to reduce Transpiration to some extent.

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Answer 2

Stomata primarily facilitate gaseous exchange. ... To avoid huge transpirational losses plant adapt this strategy to have more number of stomata on the lower epidermis, this will receive lesser sunlight and hence lower evaporation of water from this side compared to upper epidermis.