why have the political analyst used the new term Cooperative freedom in relation to Indian federal system
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The Federal character of the Indian Constitution is one of its salient features, however the term ‘Federation’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution.
Constitution has provided for a structure of governance which is essentially federal in nature
It contains all the usual features of a federation, i.e. two government, division of powers, written Constitution, supremacy of Constitution, rigidity of Constitution, independent judiciary and bicameralism. However, the Indian Constitution also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, i.e. a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions, and so on.
Constitution has provided for a structure of governance which is essentially federal in nature
It contains all the usual features of a federation, i.e. two government, division of powers, written Constitution, supremacy of Constitution, rigidity of Constitution, independent judiciary and bicameralism. However, the Indian Constitution also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, i.e. a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions, and so on.
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