Question

why I2 more soluble in CCl4 than water can i have a long explanation

Answer 1

Answer:

$I_{2}$ is more soluble in $CCl_{4}$ than water because $CCl_{4}$ is a non-polar solvent and water is a polar solvent· According to the rule " like dissolves like" the non-polar solute $I_{2}$ dissolves only in a non-polar solvent $CCl_{4}$ than a polar solvent water·

Explanation:

$I_{2}$ is a non-polar diatomic molecule in which two iodine atoms equally share one electron each to form a covalent bond· Since the molecule is formed from two identical iodine atoms, the electronegative difference will be zero· There will not be any partial negative charge and partial positive charge separation between the two atoms· So, the total dipole moment comes out to be zero· This will make the iodine molecule non-polar·

        $CCl_{4}$ is also a non-polar molecule formed from four c-cl bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement· Since the chlorine atom is more electronegative than a carbon atom, there will be an electronegative difference between them· The carbon atom will have a partial positive charge and the chlorine atom will have a partial negative charge· But the tetrahedral arrangement makes the dipole moment cancel out and the net dipole moment will be zero· This makes the $CCl_{4}$ molecule non-polar·

 Water is a polar molecule that has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom which are arranged like a bent shape· Since oxygen is more electronegative than the other two hydrogens, it pulls the shared pair of electrons towards itself creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms will have partial positive charges· So there will be a net dipole moment which makes water a polar solvent·

 When we add $I_{2}$  solute into both water and $CCl_{4}$, it solubles better in $CCl_{4}$· Because both iodine and $CCl_{4}$ are non-polar molecules and water is a polar molecule. As we know that like dissolves like, the non-polar molecule iodine solubles better in non-polar $CCl_{4}$ than a polar water molecule· Since $I_{2}$ and $CCl_{4}$ are non-polar, they are held together by weak intramolecular forces· When $I_{2}$ is added to $CCl_{4}$, they held together by weak intermolecular forces· But, water molecules are held together by strong hydrogen bonds· So it will be difficult to break these hydrogen bonds to form a bond between the $I_{2}$ and water molecule· So $I_{2}$ is more soluble in $CCl_{4}$ than the water molecule·