why in recent years we witnessed a tredency of migration among adivasi towards city and town
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n 2015, over a billion people migrated: 244 million went abroad and 763 million moved within their home country.
Some boarded planes to start a new job in another country. Some risked their lives in overcrowded boats, fleeing war or famine. And others left the countryside in search of jobs and a better quality of life.
What the vast majority have in common is that they ended up moving to a city.
A new report by the World Economic Forum looks at these patterns of migration and how they affect the world’s cities.
Where are migrants moving to?
The numbers of migrants are growing. From 2000 to 2015 annual migration growth was 2.4%. This was double the annual population growth of 1.2%.
Image: World Economic Forum
Nearly one in five (19%) of the world's total migrants went to live in the United States. Germany and Russia together took in one in 10 (9.7%).
However, when you look at the number of migrants as a proportion of the population, countries in the Middle East far outstrip any other. Over 80% of the population in the United Arab Emirates is foreign-born.
Migrants tend to head to global cities. Dubai and Brussels have the highest number of foreign-born population at 83% and 62% respectively.
Image: World Economic Forum
Of the nearly 7 million foreign-born people living in Canada, almost half (46%) live in Toronto.
Over one-third (36%) of Americans live in just 20 US cities. Those same cities are also home to two-thirds (65%) of the country’s authorized immigrants.
In Australia, 6.6 million people were born overseas. Of those, 1.4 million live in Sydney and 1.2 million live in Melbourne.
How do they get there?
These maps show the world’s migration routes, both overland and sea.
One map shows how people from East African countries cross the Mediterranean and hit the shores of Italy and Greece. Another shows the route via the Indian Ocean from south-west Asia into Malaysia.
The maps in the middle show the routes taken by migrants from Iraq and Iran as they head into Turkey and Greece and from there into other parts of Europe.
Emerging centres of growth
This map shows how patterns of migration are changing. Some areas have seen increased migration in recent years. Sao Paulo in Brazil, Moscow in Russia and Cape Town in South Africa are all cited as cities with a growing international population.
Other areas have become both an origin, as well as a destination for migration. For instance, while Nigerians head into China, many Chinese are heading to the Middle East and Africa.
Some cities, such as those in China, have seen rapid expansion in recent years, in part because of a huge increase in migration.
Other areas have become both an origin, as well as a destination for migration. For instance, while Nigerians head into China, many Chinese are heading to the Middle East and Africa.
Some cities, such as those in China, have seen rapid expansion in recent years, in part because of a huge increase in migration.
Have you read?
4 maps that will change how you see migration in Europe
Beyond the headlines: quantifying the economic contributions of migrants
The world's movement of people – in one map
The impacts of migration
Migration can have a positive effect on a country’s economy. But cities need to be prepared for the new arrivals if they are to harness the benefits.
The World Economic Forum report looks at how 22 of the most affected cities around the world are coping with an influx of migrants.
The four main challenges facing city chiefs identified in the report are: housing, health, education and employment.
Image: World Economic Forum
Almost all the cities reported a need for more affordable and social housing. This wasn’t only for migrants, but for the existing population too.
For example, in Calgary, Canada, where 33.2% of the population are foreign-born, the waiting list for housing had reached 3,000 people. In addition, the average price of housing was higher in the city than the national average.
However, in Surat, India, over 45,000 homes have been built in the last decade. This has decreased the proportion of the population living in slums from 17% in 2007, to 4.3% in 2017. The work is ongoing, with a further 10,200 housing units planned.
Healthcare
Migrants need to be able to access healthcare that addresses their particular needs.
Sixteen cities recognized that their healthcare services needed to be improved. Among them is Paris, a city where one in seven residents is a foreigner.
However, the report says that Paris’ humanitarian centres for newcomers, which provide information and shelter, is an example to other cities of how to manage the arrival of migrants and help them integrate into their new communities.