why is allyl halide more reactive than alkyl halide towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ? explain
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the reactivity of alkyl halide is more than vinyl and aryl halides because the halogen atom in alkyl halide is connected to the sp3 carbon. Whereas in vinyl or aryl the halogen atom is connected to the sp2 carbon.
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Allyl halides are more reactive than alkyl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions because of the formation of a carbocation.
Explanation:
- The Allyl and benzyl halides are more reactive compared to that the alkyl halide due to the formation of a carbocation.
- This happens with the liberation of halide ions which are stabilized by the resonance.
- Here the allyl carbocation and benzyl carbocation both are in resonance stabilized form.
- In allyl halides, the presence of the double bond is in conjugation with the lone pair present on halides.
- Now the resonating structures will have a negative charge on terminal carbon which makes it very unstable and thus the allyl halides are highly reactive.
- The allyl cation will have delocalization and thus it decreases the energy of the system.
- Thus removal of a halide becomes easier.
- #SPJ3
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