why is emitter base junction is forward biased and collector based junction is reverse biased?
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A transistor with a forward biased Collector-Base junction is said to to in “Saturation” Carriers flow from the collector to the base. That does nothing really useful for the average circuit. In a NPN transistor, the Base-Emitter junction is forward biased so that carriers (Electrons) flow from the Emitter to the Base.
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When the base emitter junction is biased forward and the collector / charge junction is reverse biased, the electrons travel from the region of n-type to the region of p-type, and the holes travel towards the region of n-type. They merge as they meet each other allowing a current to pass through the junction.
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