why is FTPS method adopted in India?
Answers
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Explanation: The Indian constitution adopts the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system of elections, otherwise known as simple majority where a candidate with the most number of votes from a constituency wins the seat. The recent elections saw the Bharatiya Janata Party receive a vote share of 37.4%, which translated to 56 % of the total seats.
Some believe that this system is undemocratic and unrepresentative of diverse identities. The critics of the FPTP system have called for reexamining this constitutional choice and have argued for adopting the system of proportional representation.
The constituent assembly debates
So why did the constitution framers choose FPTP? Are those historical reasons still relevant in today’s India?
Article 81 of the constitution stipulates for FPTP. The constituent assembly took up this provision (draft Article 67) for discussion on January 4, 1949.
Kazi Syed Karimuddin offered the strongest critique of FPTP and made a case for adopting proportional representation. He sought to move an amendment to substitute FPTP with “system of proportional representation with multi-member constituencies by means of cumulative vote.” He argued that FPTP created ‘tyranny of the majority’ and should be remedied through proportional representation.
Karimuddin believed that proportional representation is ‘profoundly democratic’ as it secures representation of all voices of the society. Looking at historical foreign experiences, he highlighted how FPTP caused the religious minorities in Ireland to be disenfranchised and unrepresented.
Further, K.T. Shah supported proportional representation through single transferable vote. He said that this system is a ‘greater reflection of popular will’ and will ensure a government which has diverse political voices.
Another member to demand proportional representation was Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur. He moved a resolution to provide for Lok Sabha members to be elected “in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.”
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