Why is high pressure and temperature needed for the manufacture of Ammonia by Haber's process?
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Refer to this link-
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haber.html
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/equilibria/haber.html
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Answer:
TEMPERATURE
You need to shift the position of the equilibrium as far as possible to the right in order to produce the maximum possible amount of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture.
The forward reaction (the production of ammonia) is exothermic.
According to Le Chatelier's Principle, this will be favoured if you lower the temperature. The system will respond by moving the position of equilibrium to counteract this - in other words by producing more heat.
In order to get as much ammonia as possible in the equilibrium mixture, you need as low a temperature as possible. However, 400 - 450°C isn't a low temperature!
PRESSURE
The pressure varies from one manufacturing plant to another, but is always high. You can't go far wrong in an exam quoting 200 atmospheres.
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