Question

why is ice at 273K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?

Answer 1

ice at 273 K would absorb latent heat as well as the heat heat energy in order to attain the room temperature. Water at 273 K would just absorb heat energy in order to attain the room temperature. Thus, the water at 273 K would absorb less amount of heat energy from the surroundings as compared to ice at 273 K. Therefore, ice at 273 K is more effective in cooling then water at the same temperature.
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Answer 2

"At 273 Kelvins, water is less effective than ice because ice can easily form water by absorbing surrounding heat energy, whereas water has no such property and therefore ice gets cooled (changes into water) faster than water at "same temperature".

A concept Latent heat is required for the phase transition of any substance from "solid to liquid" and from liquid to gas.

Latent fusion heat is the energy required to convert the phase from "solid to liquid" at the point of fusion.

"Latent Heat of Vaporization" is the energy needed to change from liquid state to gas state."