why is it said that the atmosphere was ripe for the religious like Buddhism and Jainism in 6th century BCE
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The indus Valley civilisation (IVC) from all accounts was a prosperous, advanced and peaceful civilisation and it attained its peak between 3000 BCE and 2000 BCE. It covered a very vast area of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan with cities and towns spread throughout. The beauty of this civilization was rules and regulations were uniform throughout the region but no force was used to oversee that it worked. Apparently the differences between well to do and not so well to do was not much and life would have gone on peacefully. The people there knew yoga, worshipped Shiva and Mother goddess considered the bull auspicious and also worshiped Naja and the peepul tree. People were not artificially divided into different high and low castes. The skin colour of these people was black or brown.
Then something happened.Around 2000 BCE a group of people riding horses came from the steppe lands of Central Asia (close to Russia) to the Indus valley area. Their skin colour was white in contrast to IVC people who were dark. They mingled with the IVC people but in due course they felt they and their offspring were superior to IVC peole. They also felt their fire worshiping was superior to IVC worship and slowly started discriminating on the basis of skin colour . Because of the intermingling of these people the new people had a variety of skin colour from black to brown to light brown to white. The best jobs were given to light coloured people whereas dark people were given low ranking jobs. The people doing the religious jobs were given the highest position and they were known as the Brahmins. Many people did not like this new system and started protesting. Among the people who protested against this system were the jainas and this continued for a few centuries when in the 6th century BCE another prominent royal person rebelled against this system . He was known as Buddha. Around the same time another prominent Jain Mahavira came into scene and they also protested against the system. Soon these persons became popular and even Royal kings sided with them.And then the golden period of the Jains and Buddhists started. Jainism spread throughout India. Jain culture got impetus and because of royal patronage they were able to propagate their religion . They discovered a new script the Mauryan prakrit brahmi and this also helped in the propagation of their religion. Ashoka also used the brahmi script to spread Buddhism and he was especially successful to spread Buddhism in forein countries like Sri Lanka and South east Asia.
This was a difficult time for the Brahmins and there was real danger their contributions including religious could be lost . But starting from 1st century AD the Hindu kings became powerful again and they fully supported the Brahmins. In due course the Jains and the Buddhists were overthrown and the Hindu caste rules became stricter and inter marriage between castes was forbidden. And that’s how things have continued to this day more or less.