Question

Why is one electron not considered in formal charge?

Answer 1

The nicest experiment proving that superposition is real when we do not observe is the 'quantum zeno' or 'the quantum pot that never boils if observed' performed by Itano et al in 1990.

Sorry this is going to be long, but I tell you, it's worth it if you don't know the experiment and you are interested in these things:

As you may know, atoms can be “excited” into a higher energy state by providing them electromagnetic energy. If you throw photons to an atom, the photons may be absorbed by the atom’s electrons which will “jump” into a higher energy orbit. This is the “excited” state of the atom (if you leave it alone it will eventually radiate those photons away and return to its “ground state”).
Now, the experiment consists of a “pot” containing around 5000 beryllium atoms. By applying a shower of microwave radiation (photons of a certain energy) we can excite them and set them in a higher energy state, which informally we may call as “the beryllium atom being boiling”. The time it takes for the microwave shower to bring a beryllium atom into the excited “boiling” state is 256 milliseconds.

Answer 2

beacuse it is not in the middle ..their 3 rheee cells
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