Why is the diversity of plants and animals in the forests declining ?
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large trees are essential habitats and food sources for many other organisms, both plant and animal; they are the source of much of the primary productivity of the forest; and they are responsible for many effects on the water and nutrient cycles. They are irreplaceable in the forest ecosystem.
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The major causes of biodiversity decline are land use changes, pollution, changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, changes in the nitrogen cycle and acid rain, climate alterations, and the introduction of exotic species, all coincident to human population growth. For rainforests, the primary factor is land conversion. Climate will probably change least in tropical regions, and nitrogen problems are not as important because growth in rainforests is usually limited more by low phosphorus levels than by nitrogen insufficiency. The introduction of exotic species is also less of a problem than in temperate areas because there is so much diversity in tropical forests that newcomers have difficulty becoming established
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