Question

why is the solubility of haloalkanes in water very low ?

Answer 1

Dear Student,
SOLUTION:

The haloalkanes are only very slightly soluble in water. In order for a haloalkane to dissolve in water, energy is required to overcome the attractions between the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Less energy is released when new attractions are set up between the haloalkane and the water molecules as these are not as strong as the original hydrogen bonds in water. As a result, the solubility of haloalkanes in water is low. However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents because the new intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and solvent molecules have much the same strength as the ones being broken in the separate haloalkane and solvent molecules.


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Answer 2

For the organic compounds the hydrogen bond formation is necessary with the water molecules in order to produce a proper water solution of that organic chemical compound.

But the haloalkanes are unable to form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules because the previously formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds among the water molecules demand a lot of energy for dissociation which the haloalkanes cannot produce.

That's why the water solubility of the haloalkanes are significantly low.