Why is there a need for harnessing non-conventional sources of energy? How can energy be hamnessed from the sea in different ways?
Answers
There is a need to harness non-conventional sources of energy because: 1. The demand for energy is increasing day by day because the population of the world is increasing rapidly. There is a limited amount of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum which may get exhausted.
To reduce pollution use of non-conventional sources of energy is essential. Two different ways of harnessing energy from ocean are: Tidal energy: Due to the gravitational pull of mainly the moon on the spinning earth, the level of water in the sea rises and falls.
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Explanation:
There is a need for harnessing non-conventional sources of energy because of the following reasons:
The demand for energy is increasing day by day to meet out the basic requirement of our changed life-styles, growing use of machines and industrialisation in order to improve our living standards.
The fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, are are non-renewable sources of energy and are present in a limited amount which are likely to finish one day so the need for alternative sources of energy is essential.
The energy from the sea can be harnessed in the different ways as stated below:
The energy from the sea energy be harnessed from the sea in different ways
(i) Tidal Energy: Due to the gravitational pull of mainly the moon on the spinning earth, the level of water in the sea rises and falls. This phenomenon is called high and low tides and the difference in sea-levels gives us tidal energy. Tidal energy is harnessed by constructing a dam across a narrow opening to the sea. A turbine fixed at the opening of the dam converts tidal energy to electricity.
(ii) Wave Energy: The kinetic energy possessed by huge waves near the seashore can be trapped to generate electricity. The waves are generated by strong winds blowing across the sea. Wave energy would be a viable proposition only where waves are very strong. A wide variety of devices has been developed to trap wave energy for rotation of turbine and production of electricity.
(iii) Ocean Thermal Energy: The water at the surface of the sea or ocean is heated by the Sun while the water in deeper sections is relatively cold. This difference in temperature is exploited to obtain energy in ocean-thermal-energy conversion plants. These plants can operate if the temperature difference between the water at the surface and water at depths up to 2 km is 20 K (20°C) or more. The warm surface-water is used to boil a volatile liquid like ammonia. The vapours of the liquid are then used to run the turbine of generator. The cold water from the depth of the ocean is pumped up and condense vapour again to liquid. The energy potential from the sea (tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy) is quite large, but efficient commercial exploitation is difficult.
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