Question

why Jupiter shows its own colourful bands?

Answer 1

Jupiter’s atmosphere is doing some pretty funky stuff, and we don’t fully understand all of what’s going on. We know that the light stripes and dark stripes are made of slightly different gases, and that at the boundaries of these stripes are narrow regions of high wind, called jets, which push the nearby atmosphere around with it, and that the bands are relatively stable.

The light stripes seem to be made of cold gas which is coming up towards the surface of the atmosphere of Jupiter, and the dark stripes are doing the opposite (warmer gas, sinking down towards the centre of the planet). The light ones are light because there’s a lot of ammonia in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, and as it cools, it forms pale clouds, like the clouds in our sky. If the gas warms up, the clouds will disappear, and what we’re seeing as dark bands are actually a deeper, darker layer of clouds. However, the sun also has upwellings of gas and regions where gas is sinking back, and the surface of the sun looks like boiling water - there’s no order there. So why does Jupiter have ordered bands and not just look like a roiling mess?

At a very basic level, it’s because those jets of wind running around the planet are there. These jets form a boundary for the gas. When gas faces a strong wind, it’s going to be redirected in the direction of the wind instead of continuing the way it was originally headed. Because the direction of the wind jets alternates as you go from the equator to the poles, the boundaries of the jet and the band forms eddies and whirlpools of gas, which helps to pull the gas along with the wind. As a result, the jets describe the edges of the different bands of coloured gas, and direct the motion of the gas within each stripe. The part that we don’t yet understand is why those jets exist in the first place.

Broadly, there are main ideas - one is that this is turbulence at the surface level, like clouds in the upper atmosphere of the earth. Perhaps there was some turbulence - a little bit of bumpy gas, and it ran into another patch. As patches of turbulence catch up to each other, they can combine, and form one bigger piece of turbulence - called a cascade. If there’s a constant source of the little eddies of turbulence, then you can maintain bigger turbulence (like the wind jets) just by tossing the little things together. However, this method is bad at keeping the stable winds we see, so this isn’t a great description.

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Answer 2

HEY MATE !

The stripes of color on Jupiter are called its bands. There are two types of bands on Jupiter. The light colored bands are called zones. ... The colors in the bands are caused by slight differences in their temperatures and their composition (what chemicals are in them).........

Heat from the interior of Jupiter causes circulation patterns in the atmosphere, with warm gas rising and cooling, before sinking back into the depths of the planet. This process is called convection, and it causes the different colored bands in Jupiter's atmosphere.......

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