Why low current should be used for longer time in electroplating?
Answers
Explanation:
Electricity cannot be seen, so it can be rather abstract. Therefore, for ease of visualization, terms and units that relate to the flow and quantity of electricity are often compared to terms used to describe the flow of water.
The corresponding term to voltage is water pressure.
If you lived in a high-rise apartment alongside a lake and decided to hang a hose out your window to draw up some lake water for your flowers & plants, you would recognize that the water is not going to run up that hose by itself, rather that you'll need a pump, and that how much pressure that pump has to put out will depend on what floor of the high rise you live on.
You need voltage in order to overcome all of the resistances involved in plating, which include the resistance of the copper wires that the electrons flow through, the electrical resistance of the plating solution which the ions flow through, and other resistances. I can answer more deeply what those other resistances are, but that may be beyond the scope of your project.
Answer:
Amperage rather than voltage is the salient variable in electroplating because the amount of plating that occurs is directly proportional to the ampere-hours of current (within the operational limits). Voltage should be whatever is necessary to support the amperage you are trying to draw in the particular configuration you have -- but yes, 4.5 V is probably in the ball park.
Explanation: