Question

Why lumbering activities are more in temperate forest than tropical forest?

Answer 1

Answer:

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Nearly 80% of lumbering products are obtained from temperate coniferous forest spread over North America and Europe. Here, lumbering industry is integrated, coordinated, well-organized and well-managed. The scale of operation and number of people involved in this industry is massive. Various geographical, socio-economic and cultural factors have contributed significantly for its origin and development.

The factors responsible for its development are:

(a) Homogeneous forests:

Tree species in temperate region are more or less homogene­ous. Single species overwhelmingly dominate in separate regions —that helps im­mensely to locate and extract the trees. Besides, absence of undergrowth, bush or epiphytes makes extraction much easier. Absence of branches and shorter tress are other favourable factors which make lumbering in temperate regions more lucra­tive.

(b) Easy transportation:

As trees are un-branched, shorter and lighter, transportation is easier. Customarily, extraction is done during winter, when the labour is cheaper and woods remain in the frozen river beds. During summer, when rivers melt, logs are automatically transported to the sawmills—without much cost.

(c) Mechanization:

For cutting and felling of the logs, machines are used instead of manual labour. In this way, productivity can be raised and cost of production can also be minimized.

(d) Cheaper power:

Power—particularly hydel power—is cheaper in this region —an incentive to sawmills.

(e) Steady -demand:

Demand of soft conifer wood is increasing day by day. For the preparation of pulp in paper industry and cellulose for synthetic textile industry, demand of softwood is increasing faster.

(f) Development of Forest Management:

Unlike tropical world —where forest is unpro­tected and unmanaged — temperate forest management is scientific and careful. Afforestation is done along with preventive measures against soil erosion and forest fire.

(g) Climate:

Climate in temperate region is conducive to lumbering. As the tempera­ture is cool and pleasant, workers can continue their activities longer without much tiredness.

(h) Other products:

Temperate forests provide ample products other than woods, e.g., gums, fruits, oils etc. — these are making lumbering more, profitable.

(i) Ready market:

The adjacent countries of temperate coniferous forest are, by and large, highly developed and industrially prosperous. Their purchasing power and great requirement of wood accelerated lumbering industry in this part of the globe. Finland, Sweden, Norway, U.S.A. and Canada earn a sizable revenue to their na­tional exchequer from export of lumbering products.

(j) Government policies:

Governments are playing crucial role to increase environmen­tal awareness through proper forest management and also giving assistance to forest research projects.