Question

Why magnification is taken negative for real Images and positive for virtual Images?

Answer 1

As real image is below the principal axis it is taken as negative(rule= below principal axis must take as negative)


As virtual image is above principal axis it is taken as positive(rule= above principal axis must take as positive)



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Answer 2

If image is real, it will be inverted which means height of image will be taken as negative. Also, the height of object is always positive.Now as magnification = Height of image / Height of object.

Therefore, in case of real image,Magnification = Height of image (-) / height of object (+)=Negative.So, Magnification will be negative.Similarly, if image is virtual, it will be erect.

Therefore, in case of virtual image,Magnification = Height of image (+) / height of object (+)= PositiveSo, Magnification will be positive.