Why melting point of bismuth halide is less than that of phosphorus halide?
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Okay, let me clear it one by one!
First taking into consideration about the boiling point which is a factor depending on mass. AS we move down the group in the Periodic Table, the mass of the atom increases sequentially causing the increase in Boiling Point.
Now in case of Melting Point which is the factor depending upon Energy. For melting down, one need to break the Vanderwall forces between molecules which requires energy. The higher the energy provided, the easier will be the breaking of Vanderwall forces. Now see, Nitrogen exists in the form of N2 consisting 2 molecules while Phosphorous exists as P4 consisting 4 molecules and so on. That is why the energy required to break the Vanderwall force increases with increase in number of molecules. It continues till Arsenic but due to increase in metallic nature of elements going down further, the bonding of electrons become loose and hence causing the week interaction in between. In this way, the MP increases up to Arsenic and then decreases till Bismuth.
First taking into consideration about the boiling point which is a factor depending on mass. AS we move down the group in the Periodic Table, the mass of the atom increases sequentially causing the increase in Boiling Point.
Now in case of Melting Point which is the factor depending upon Energy. For melting down, one need to break the Vanderwall forces between molecules which requires energy. The higher the energy provided, the easier will be the breaking of Vanderwall forces. Now see, Nitrogen exists in the form of N2 consisting 2 molecules while Phosphorous exists as P4 consisting 4 molecules and so on. That is why the energy required to break the Vanderwall force increases with increase in number of molecules. It continues till Arsenic but due to increase in metallic nature of elements going down further, the bonding of electrons become loose and hence causing the week interaction in between. In this way, the MP increases up to Arsenic and then decreases till Bismuth.
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