Question

why NaCl is soluble in water??
explain in term of dielectric constant not in term of solubility.

give a brief answer

Answer 1

hello friend

Water can dissolve salt because the positive part of water molecules attracts the negative chloride ions and the negative part of water molecules attracts the positive sodium ions. The amount of a substance that can dissolve in a liquid (at a particular temperature) is called the solubility of the substance.

Answer 2

Basically, dielectric constant or relative permittivity is, effectively,  the comparative decrease in the force between two charged species in a particular medium as compared to vacuum (where the medium is defined as producing no interference in the interaction between the two species). For example, if the force between two charged species is 1000 N in vacuum and that between them at exactly the same distance in a particular medium is 100 N, the dielectric constant of that particular medium is 10. If the force in another medium is 10 N, the new medium has a dielectric constant of 100. As you can see, the higher the dielectric constant, the lower the force between the two charged species, everything else held the same.

Now let us get to the process of dissolution. A substance would dissolve in a liquid (or gas for that matter) if the components of the substance overcome the initial cohesive force (attraction) between the components (can be ions or molecules) and disperse among the species of the liquid. In case of ionic solids, which is what most salts are, this refers to disruption of the attractive force of the crystal lattice (the structure formed from the positive ions and the negative ions) and release of the ions in the liquid medium. This process is energetically favorable if the forces between the ions in the medium is low enough (this comes from hydration or solvation energy of the ions) to overcome the lattice energy. And as we saw earlier, higher the dielectric constant, lower the force between the the ions and in essence, higher the solvation energy and more the degree of dissolution.

And water has a pretty high dielectric constant (refer to the table in the wikipedia article). This means it has a high solvation (or hydration) energy for most ions and hence it is able to dissolve many salts.




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