Why Nazism became popular in 1930
Answers
“Nazism” was an amalagmation of propaganda tools designed to create a populist movement around a cult of personality centred on Adolf Hitler.
Firstly Nazis were a German workers party in opposion to the international communist movement. Germans had fought in the war to promote the national identity of the German State which was still barely 50 years old.
Hitler, in opposition to the threat of communists was an attractive proposition, Not just to the workers who he wanted to entice through patriotism, but to the other parties in power who saw the Nazis as someone who were willing to get down in the gutter and scrap with the militant left wing, while they focused on reconstruction. Hilter was a little bit like Trump in the way he sold himself, keep telling everyone exactly what they want to hear and eventually you will have enough support to be taken as a serious contender.
The electorate in Germany was split among many parties, as Germany went from one crisis to another and election followed election without any hope of change, Hitler appeared more and more to be a figure of stability promising an equal chance for everyone in a brighter future. Intially he appealed to people on an emotional level. Even the other leaders of the Nazi party were transifixed by him during their first meeting. He didn’t talk about economic policies or budgets, he talked about how he felt about being part of this defeated nation and how Germans should try to recover from the position they found themselves in. He scapegoated the Communists and Jews in order to create a nationalistic base, he then applied much of the idiology of Mussolini’s Fascists as it opened the door to the idea of a dictatorship. Time and again the failure of the Weimer Republic’s other parties attracted more and more support to his party. Germany had a system of proportional representation and many people cite this as a reason why Hitler was able to seize power. In fact it was quite the opposite. Under a first past the post system Hitler would have gained a majority in far more districts than he would have been allocated seats by the average number of votes cast. In 1928 the Nazis polled less than 1,000,000 votes Hitler had been in prison and the party banned after the beer hall putch. The communist polled nearlt 4 times as much. The next election on 1930 saw a dramatic change. The turnout was huge, nearly 85% many smaller parties did not contest the election the 2 parties that gained the most seats were the communists and the Nazis. The communists incread their vote from 10.6% to 13.13% gaining 23 seats but the Nazis jumped into 2nd place with over 5.5 million extra votes gaing 95 extra seats. and 18.24% of the vote. The SDP remained the largest party but with less than 25% of the votes (and the seats) they were forced to continue to form ineffective coalitions with other self interested politicians.
The worldwide depression and hyper inflation had seen Germany’s economic output fall by 42% Unemployment rose to 30% and still the centrist parties continued to squabble among themselves. People with no faith left in the old order were willing to be seduced by Hitler’s promises.
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Answer:
Nazism became popular after 1930 in Germnany. The reasons for its popularity is listed below
(I) The harsh Versailles Treaty was a serious blow to the national prestige of the Germans and to the economy
(II) The economic situation was worsened by the Great Depression of 1929, which had severely affected the already fragile German economy. The inability of the Weimar Republic to remedy the situation only further inflamed public sentiments.
(III) The political scenario was not any better as the various political factions, such as the communists and socialists fought with each other that stalled any policy that would uplift the plight of the German people.
(IV) It was in this background that Hitler would organise the fledgeling National Socialist German Worker’s party, otherwise known as the Nazi party into a mass movement.
(V) By implementing Nazi ideals, Hitler promised to undo the injustice of the Versailles treaty and restore the dignity of the German people, promising economic security and to build a strong German nation free from all foreign influences and ‘conspiracies’.
(VI) He found strong support among the German middle class, who were threatened with destitution due to economic collapse that had shut down banks, businesses and factories.
(VII) Nazi propaganda, along with Hitler’s powerful oratory skills, successfully portrayed Hitler as a saviour and Nazism as the means to deliver the German people from the distress of living in a time of acute economic and political crisis.