Question

Why nitration of aniline gives substantial amount of m-nitroaniline

Answer 1

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In an acidic medium, aniline is protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing). For this reason, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.

Answer 2

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Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. In an acidic medium, anilineis protonated to give anilinium ion (which is meta-directing). For this reason, aniline on nitration gives asubstantial amount of m-nitroaniline. ... Hence, aniline does not undergo the Friedel-Crafts reaction.