Question

why one matter has different states? pls give a very short answer for this.....

Answer 1

Because properties of other states are almost similar and we can change them.

Answer 2

The answer is due the temperature.

Atoms and molecules interact each other with electrical forces. Some materials has more electrical forces between theirs atoms/molecules than others.

If the atoms doesn't have any movement, the electrical forces "glues" an atom/molecule with his neighborhood and you can see a solid.

But the atoms has a movement which macroscopic representation is the Temperature. More temperature means more movement of the atoms, lower temperature means the atoms move slower.

If I raise the temperature, the atoms/molecules start to move. Imagine a lattice of atoms vibrating. If I raise the temperature, the vibration start to grow and grow until some atoms abandon their positions in the lattice. The vibration of the particles isn't enough strong to force to the particles to fly away, but is strong enough to abandon their position in the lattice. In that situation you'll see the solid melt and you'll see liquid.

If I raise the temperature more and more, the vibration of the particles will be strong enough and the electrical forces between them can't retain the particles. And they start to fly freely. It's a gas.

If I raise more the temperature, the collisions between the particles will be brutal and forces to the electrons to abandon the atoms/molecules. Then I have a soup of atoms without one or more electrons and the electrons.