Why one side of the iron girdles of bridge are placed on rollers? Explain with a drawing.
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am assuming you are talking about roller bearings.
They are there to release any strains induced due to shrinkage or expansion of the bridge girder (primarily due to temperature, creep and shrinkage of concrete). If there were no rollers, then both the deck as well as the column / foundation (especially) would have to be designed for much higher loads.
But it is not necessary to have these rollers. Many designers opt for an integral bridge without any bearings as the additional costs are offset by easier maintenance (bearings are mechanical parts which need frequent maintenance) and higher structural safety due to increased redundancy in the structure.
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