why perennial rivers flow from West to east??
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Answers
It's true that most Indian rivers flow West to East and drain into the Bay of Bengal. But Narmada and Tapi are not the only rivers flowing East to West. There is Barak, which flows into Brahmaputra, then rivers like Beas, Indravati, etc. However, if you are considering river systems as such, then you are right in saying that Narmada and Tapi are the only ones.
There are some established explanations about this. During the formation of the Western Ghats, the Peninsular Plateau happened to undergo a slight tilt towards the East, thus making it higher on Western side as compared to East. Further, the Western Ghats are comparatively new and young mountains whereas Eastern Ghats are arguably one of the oldest not only in India but even in the world. As a result, the Eastern Ghats have underwent lots of erosional activities. Hence, rivers can easily penetrate through this range and create a chain of broken ranges. Moreover, the SW monsoon rains are blocked by the high Western Ghats and this causes orographic rainfall. The water accumulated as a consequence tend to move out as small streams and rivers and this action would be easier if moved West to East as the gradient is favourable and the geology is conducive and easily erodable.
For Himalayan rivers the story is different. They are actually flowing through the plains which were once a huge depression. Yes, the Northern Plains of India was once a huge depression btw Himalayas and the Plateau interior. The rivers brought silt and sediments to create the plains. These rivers just simply followed the gradient and path of the depression.
Hope the question is answered.
Answer:
major peninsular rivers flow from west to east due to the gradient of land but narmada and tapi flows in the opposite direction because they do not flow on the plateau surface but in rift valleys and these valleys happen to have an opposite gradient.
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