Question

why phenol undergoes ortho and para directing group write its resonance hybrid structure ?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

If the relative yield of the ortho product and that of the para product are higher than that of the meta product, the substituent on the benzene ring in the monosubstituted benzene is called an ortho, para directing group.

Thus, the nitro group is a meta directing group.

Hope it helps...

Answer 2

Answer:

In the previous post we introduced ortho- ,para- and meta- directors in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Previous to that we covered the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution, and showed that the mechanism proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.

Today, we’re going to tie those two concepts together, and try to show that whether a substituent is an ortho-, para- or meta- director depends on how the substituent affects the stability of the carbocation intermediate.

summary of ortho meta and para directors explanation with resonance structures pi donors and pi acceptors

And we’ll also see why an alternative name for meta- director might be, “ortho-, para- avoider”. : – )

Table Of Contents

Carbocations Are Stabilized By Adjacent Atoms With Lone Pairs

Case Study #1: An ortho-,para- Director (OCH3)

Yes, Oxygen Is Electronegative. But Donation Of Its Lone Pair More Than Makes Up For It!

The Reaction-Energy Diagram For An Ortho Para Director

Case Study #2: A meta- director (CF3).

What We Call “meta– Directors” Are More Like “ortho-, para– Avoiders”

The Reaction Energy Diagram For A meta- Director

So Why Are Halogens Ortho-, Para- Directors?

Notes

Quiz Yourself!

(Advanced) References and Further Reading