Why plus one state oxidation state of thallium is more stable than + 3 oxidation state?
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Due to inert pair effect Tl +1 oxidation state is more stable than Th +3 oxidation state.
Due to presence of d and f orbital in inner shells which have poor shielding effect, it has high effective nuclear charge. As a result the ns2 electron pair becomes more and more tightly held to the nucleus and becomes reluctant to participate in bonding.
Due to presence of d and f orbital in inner shells which have poor shielding effect, it has high effective nuclear charge. As a result the ns2 electron pair becomes more and more tightly held to the nucleus and becomes reluctant to participate in bonding.
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Answer:
this is explained on the basis of inert pair effect which becomes more effective as we move downwards in the elements of both 13 and 14 group.
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