Question

why potential energy is zero at infinity point

Answer 1

The equation for gravitational potential is V=−GMrV=−GMr where GG is the universal gravitation constant, approximately equal to 6.674⋅10−11m3kg−1s−26.674⋅10−11m3kg−1s−2, MM is the mass of the planet the object is moving away from/towards and rr is the distance between the planet and the object.

Maths way:

So simply put r=∞r=∞ into the above equation, and the gravitational potential, VV, goes to 00.

Answer 2

The nature of potential energy is that the zero point is arbitrary,

it can be set like the origin of a coordinate system. In this case we normally choose the zero of gravitational potential energy at infinity, since the gravitational force approaches zero at infinity.

the equation for gravitational potential is

V= -(GM/r) where G is the universal constant, approximately
6.674.10to the power-11 m to the power 3 kg to the power -1
s to the power -2, M is the mass of the planet the object is moving away from/towards
and r is the distance between the planet and the object.


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