Question

Why Raja Jailal Singh led the revolt in awadh?

Answer 1

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Begum Hazrat Mahal.10
Even if one hesitates in calling the revolt of 1857 as the first war of Indian
Independence, it was certainly the first war of Oudh Independence. Rudrangshu Mukherjee
quotes Lord Canning, the then Viceroy, admitting that „the rising against our authority in
Oude (Awadh/Oudh) has been general almost universal.‟11 It is the participation of tenantry
in the Revolt that has given it its universal character. As a matter of fact only the peasants
were fighting throughout the territories of Awadh, for „the sepoys were really peasants in
uniform.‟12 The strength of the Revolt came from the non-uniformed sepoys and the
uniformed peasants. Peasants of Awadh were not fighting for their material gains; they were
fighting for the honour of their king, Nawab.
The Revolt of 1857 proved that it was a futile attempt on the part of the British either
to abolish the old gentry (taluqdars) or to create a new gentry (zamindars). The British
decided that it was not the new gentry but the old established gentry that must be backed up.
After recapturing power the British made second Summary Settlement in 1858.13 They
wished to avoid the mistakes committed by them in the first Summary Settlement. Sir James
Outram, the Chief Commissioner of Awadh, wrote on 5th January 1858 „I see no prospects of
returning tranquility except by having recourse for the next few years to the old taluqdari
system…Taluqdars have both powers and influence to exercise for or against us. The village
proprietors have neither.‟14 It was only with the loyalty of the taluqdars that the British rule in
Awadh was possible. Thus a new policy was evolved, a policy that would endure the British
rule in Awadh. Under the new policy it was decided that the settlement should be taluqdari –
oriented, and not the zamindari – oriented.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, the first Summary Settlement of 1856 made by the British led to revolt
of 1857, therefore, it was rejected. The second Summary Settlement was made with the
expectation that the taluqdars would assist the British Government in bringing peace and
tranquility to Awadh. This Settlement gives expression to the new policy, the policy which
was followed by the British in Awadh till they ultimately left India in 1947.

by Arnab Chowdhury( miui)