Question

why rubber is an insulator give reasons

Answer 1

Rubber is a good insulator because it prevents electrons from moving through it easily and gaining energy, which causes an electrical charge. In rubber, the electrons are tightly bound within the material, which means that they are not free to be shared by neighboring atoms.

Answer 2

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When (ordinary) electrical potentials are applied at the opposite ends of such rubber, the electrons of the valence band are hardly elevated into the conduction band and hence no flow of electrical charge is possible across the rubber matrix. That is how rubber acts as an electrical insulator.

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