why sulphonation of phenol gives a mixture of ortho and para isomers
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Reaction of phenol with conc. sulphuric acid is known as sulphonation of phenol. Product of sulphonation depends upon the operating temperature.
At low temperature, phenol reacts with conc. H₂SO₄ to give o-phenol sulphonic acid. At low temperature ,neighbouring OH group and SO₃H group interacts with each other.Hence ortho isomer predominates.
At high temperature, its not posible to form any interaction and hence steric repulsion overcomes the attraction .Thus at high temperature p-phenol sulphonic acid is obtained.
At low temperature, phenol reacts with conc. H₂SO₄ to give o-phenol sulphonic acid. At low temperature ,neighbouring OH group and SO₃H group interacts with each other.Hence ortho isomer predominates.
At high temperature, its not posible to form any interaction and hence steric repulsion overcomes the attraction .Thus at high temperature p-phenol sulphonic acid is obtained.
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