Question

Why thallium shows both +1 and+3 oxidation state

Answer 1

it show two valency because of inert pair effect.It means valence electrons in orbital penetrating To the nucleus better than electron in p orbitals making them more tightly bound to the nucleus due to poor shielding effect offered by the inner suborbital

Answer 2

Thallium shows +1 oxidation state . because there is a tendency for post transition elements for inert pair effect due to which the outer most s orbital electrons does not participate in the reaction or remains inert ... This is known as in inert pair effect...

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