Question

why the pencil appears to be bent when it is dipped in water​

Answer 1

The pencil appears to be bent because the light from the rarer medium i.e air enters to a denser medium i.e. water hence there is refraction

Answer 2

HERE IS UR ANSWER..

Because the glass is so thin and because the light starts and finished in air, the refraction into and out of the glass causes little deviation in the light's original direction.) ... This light ray changes medium and subsequently undergoes refraction. As a result, the image of thepencilto be bent.
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