Question

Why the places near the poles are very cold as compared to the places near the equator

Answer 1

places near the equator receive direct sun rays and so they are cooler. as we move towards the poles the sun rays have to travel longer distance so they receive less sunlight hence they are cooler

Answer 2

The tilt of the Earth's axis causes the difference in temperature between the Equator and Earth's polar regions. While the Equator receives direct light from the sun at all times of the year, the tilted axis prevents the poles from receiving such prolonged exposure.                                                                                                                                                         
~~~~~~~~~~Hope this helps~~~~~~~~~~