Question

why the same enzyme does not break down everything we eat?

Answer 1

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The food we eat contain different nutrients, e.g. proteins, carbohydrates,and fats.For example: lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol; proteases break down proteins to amino acids; and amylases break down carbohydrates to glucose.
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Answer 2

Enzymes are very specific in their actions.So
certain enzyme break down certain substance
Eg,
1)proteases break protein into amino acids,
2)amylase breakdown carbohydrates into glucose.