why USA is rich in nutrition and india is rich in nutrition
Answers
Answer:
because there has a technology
Explanation:
is paper reviews recent evidence on food intake and
nutrition in India. It attempts to make sense of various
puzzles, particularly the decline of average calorie
intake during the last 25 years. This decline has occurred
across the distribution of real per capita expenditure,
in spite of increases in real income and no long-term
increase in the relative price of food. One hypothesis is
that calorie requirements have declined due to lower
levels of physical activity or improvements in the health
environment. If correct, this does not imply that there
are no calorie deficits in the Indian population – nothing
could be further from the truth. These deficits are
reflected in some of the worst anthropometric indicators
in the world, and the sluggish rate of improvement of
these indicators is of major concern. Yet recent trends
remain confused and there is an urgent need for better
nutrition monitoring.
1 Introduction
The Indian economy has recently grown at historically
unprecedented rates and is now one of the fastest-growing
economies in the world. Real GDP per head grew at 3.95%
a year from 1980 to 2005, and at 5.4% a year from 2000 to 2005.
Measured at international prices, real per capita income in India,
which was two-thirds of Kenya’s in 1950, and about the same as
Nigeria’s, is now two and a half times as large as per capita
income in both countries. Real per capita consumption has also
grown rapidly, at 2.2% a year in the 1980s, at 2.5% a year in the
1990s, and at 3.9% a year from 2000 to 2005. Although the house-
hold survey data show much slower rates of per capita consump-
tion growth than do these national accounts estimates, even these
slower growth rates are associated with a substantial decrease in
poverty since the early 1980s (Deaton and Drèze 2002 and
Himanshu 2007). Yet, per capita calorie intake is declining, as is
the intake of many other nutrients; indeed fats are the only major
nutrient group whose per capita consumption is unambiguously
increasing. Today, more than three quarters of the population live
in households with per capita calorie consumption below 2,100
per day in urban areas and 2,400 per day in rural areas – numbers
that are often cited as “minimum requirements” in India.
A related concern is that anthropometric indicators of nutri-
tion in India, for both adults and children, are among the worst in
the world. Furthermore, the improvement of these measures of
nutrition appears to be slow relative to what might be expected in
the light of international experience and of India’s recent high
rates of economic growth. Indeed, according to the National
Family Health Survey, the proportion of underweight children
remained virtually unchanged between 1998-99 and 2005-06
(from 47% to 46 % for the age group of 0-3 years). Undernutrition
levels in India remain higher than for most countries of sub-
Saharan Africa, even though those countries are currently much
poorer than India, have grown much more slowly, and have much
higher levels of infant and child mortality.
In this paper, we do not attempt to provide a complete and fully
documented story of poverty, nutrition and growth in India. In
fact, we doubt that such an account is currently possible. Instead,
our aim is to present the most important facts, to point to a number
of unresolved puzzles, and to present an outline of a coherent
story that is consistent with the facts. As far as the decline in per
capita calorie consumption is concerned, one plausible hypothesis,
on which much work remains to be done, is that while real incomes
and real wages have increased (leading to some nutritional
improvement), there has been an offsetting reduction in calorie