why voltage source converters are used in FACTS Devices
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Voltage Source Converter:
•Because thyristors can only be turned on (not off) by control action, the control system only has one degree of freedom – when to turn on the thyristor. This is an important limitation in some circumstances.
•With some other types of semiconductor device such as the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), both turn-on and turn-off can be controlled, giving a second degree of freedom.
•As a result, they can be used to make self-commutated converters. In such converters, the polarity of DC voltage is usually fixed and the DC voltage, being smoothed by a large capacitance, can be considered constant. For this reason, an HVDC converter using IGBTs is usually referred to as a voltage sourced converter.
•The additional controllability gives many advantages, notably the ability to switch the IGBTs on and off many times per cycle in order to improve the harmonic performance.
•Being self-commutated, the converter no longer relies on synchronous machines in the AC system for its operation.
•A voltage sourced converter can therefore feed power to an AC network consisting only of passive loads, something which is impossible with LCC HVDC.
•Because thyristors can only be turned on (not off) by control action, the control system only has one degree of freedom – when to turn on the thyristor. This is an important limitation in some circumstances.
•With some other types of semiconductor device such as the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), both turn-on and turn-off can be controlled, giving a second degree of freedom.
•As a result, they can be used to make self-commutated converters. In such converters, the polarity of DC voltage is usually fixed and the DC voltage, being smoothed by a large capacitance, can be considered constant. For this reason, an HVDC converter using IGBTs is usually referred to as a voltage sourced converter.
•The additional controllability gives many advantages, notably the ability to switch the IGBTs on and off many times per cycle in order to improve the harmonic performance.
•Being self-commutated, the converter no longer relies on synchronous machines in the AC system for its operation.
•A voltage sourced converter can therefore feed power to an AC network consisting only of passive loads, something which is impossible with LCC HVDC.
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Answer:
A newer generation of FACTS Controllers based on voltage-sourced converters (VSC) provides fast controllable shunt and series voltage injections into the ac network, with which further enhancement in controllability and power transfer capability can be achieved.
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