Why was Gorbachev forced to initiate reforms? How did they had to disintegration of Soviet union?
Answers
Answer:
What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR ?
The factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR were as given below:
(i) The Soviet system had become very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life Very difficult for the citizens.
(ii) There was lack of democracy. There was no freedom of speech. As a result of it, people often expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons.
(iii) There was control of one party i.e., Communist Party of the Soviet Union over all institutions. It was not accountable to the people.
(iv) People in the fifteen republics had no right to manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs.
(v) Russia was one of the fifteen republics but in practice it dominated everything, and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.
(vi) The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure and in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of citizens.
(vii) Low productivity and technology resulted in shortages of all consumer goods. Thus, the Soviet economy had become stagnant.
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Answer:
The motives for the disintegration of Soviet Union are:
. Deviation from the fundamental concepts of socialism.
.Failure in bringing about changes in financial zone.
. Corruption and inefficiency of forms.
. Administrative reforms of Gorbachev – Glasnost and Perestroika.
Glasnost was to put in force openness in political processes. It removed law on media and civil rights. Perestroika was implemented to restructure the economic machine of Soviet Union. It aimed toward ending rate controls on production sector and abating centralisation. These reforms have been deviation from the communist ideologies. In this context, it could be said that Gorbachev’s reforms brought about the disintegration of Soviet Union.
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