Question

Why was Non-Cooperation Movement
started in 1920? Why did Gandhiji call off
the movement in 1922?​

Answer 1

Explanation:

It was started in August 1920 and was organized by Mahatma Gandhi to convince the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was called off in February 1922 due to Chauri Chaura incident which broke the non-violent character of the movement.

Answer 2

Answer:

In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to co-operate, British rule in India would collapse within a year , and swaraj would come. Gandhiji was certain that no movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. In order to bring both the groups together he thought to take up the Khilafat issue. A young generation Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action of the issue of Khilafat Movement. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

While the Rowlatt Satyagrah(1919) had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India. At the Calcutta Session of the Congress in September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi convinced other leaders of the need to start a Non-Cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj. Finally at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation program was adopted.

This was the reason why the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920s was started.

But as we know that Swaraj meant different for different social groups. The vision of this movement was not clearly defined by the Congress program. Different people acted in the name of Mahatma Gandhi, or linked their movement to that of the Congress, they were identifying with a movement which went beyond the limits of their immediate locality. Finally at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur (U.P.) , a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police. Many persons were killed and injured in this. Hearing this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920s

This is the reason why the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920s was called off.