Question

Why was the ritual called Hiranyagarbha performed by kings

Answer 1

Usually kings n warriors belonged to the Kshatriya caste. As a result people accepted a ruler more easily if he was a Kshatriya. Those who were non-kshtriya by birth can become Kshatriya by performing certain rituals. Such rituals were performed when rulers conquered distant lands where they were not well known. Hiranyagarbha was such a ritual. For example:- When the Rashtrakutas ruler Dantidurga conquered Malwa n parts of Gujarat, he performed a ritual Hiranyagarbha (golden womb) Mahanadana to proclaim himself a Kshatriya ruler
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Answer 2

Answer:

Dantidurga overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called HiranyaGarbha which means the golden womb.This was performed because they believe in rebirth of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth.

The word hiranyagarbha literally means "golden womb": it signifies a golden pot (kunda) donated to a brahmana, and also refers to the god Vishnu. ... The performer then enters into the "golden womb", as the priests perform the rites.