why was the zamindari system not benefited farmer
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Explanation:
Zamindars were assigned to revenue collection, as the rural agents of the government, say the Company, in Bengal and Bihar and were literally considered landholders or a combination of land -owners and tax-collectors.
What they collected from the cultivators and what they paid to the government officers, was kept a secret and was often wrangled upon between the two.
The difference between what they could squeeze from the villagers and what government officials could squeeze from them, was their living.
The settlements of land tax were annual, though based on the measurements of the gteat survey during the regime of Akbar.
Zamindars also enjoyed police and magisterial powers.
Formerly they might be maltreated, even beaten to make them pay more, but were rarely dispossessed.
Lord Cornwallis took a great measure in the settlement of revenue and land 8 in Bengal, when he was appointed as Governor-General in 1786.
He himself was an English landlord and believed in authority, stability and fair-play.
He finally introduced permanent settlements in 1789, after initially experimenting for ten years only.
He treated them as landlords and government agents who were to keep the countryside quiet and were assured the security of tenure, as long as they paid their dues.The same held good for the cultivators as well.
Zamindars were to pay a fixed annual revenues to the government, retaining one tenth of their collections, as their fees.
If they failed to do so, their zamindars were sold up giving way to new men from Calcutta, now Kolkata, who had hardly any idea of cultivation, who bought estates as financial speculations and who remained absentee landlords.
The peasants became tenants-at-will of zamindars, a rustic proletariat.
Later on the police powers of zamindars were withdrawn.
Thus stability was maintained at the price of justice and good relationships.
A new monied class, mainly Hindus, was emerging, replacing the decaying Muslim ruling class.
because the farmers have to give environment tenth of the collection size in the form of the revenue for the taxes for of large amount
Explanation: