Question

Why was trading in nineteenth century a tedious process?​

Answer 1

(i) In many parts of the world, these developments meant loss of freedoms and livelihoods.

(ii) Late 19th century Europeans, conquest brought about many destructive economic, social and ecological changes in the colonies.

(iii) In Africa, in the 1890s, a fast spreading disease of cattle plague or rinderpest had a U terrifying impact on people's livelihoods and the local economy.

(iv) The example of indentured labour migration from India illustrates that it was a world of faster economic growth for some and great misery and poverty for others, technological advances in Europe and new forms of coercion in Asia and Africa.

OR

The jobber was a person with some authority and he used to help the industrialists to get workers. His role was to ensure job to worker and workers to industrialists. He used to be an old and trusted worker. Functions :

(i) He got people from his village.

(ii) He ensured them jobs.

(iii) He helped the workers to settle in the cities.

(iv) He provided money in time of crisis.

OR

The three historical processes that have shaped modern cities are :

(i) Rise of industrial capitalism,

(ii) The establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world.

(iii) Development of democratic ideals.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

i) In many parts of the world, these developments meant loss of freedoms and livelihoods. (ii) Late 19th century Europeans, conquest brought about many destructive economic, social and ecological changes in the colonies