why were the ryots reluctant to grow indigo?in 400 words.
Answers
Under the ryoti system,a contract was signed between the ryots and the planters. The ryots were given loans and forced to grow only Indigo on at least of the area under their holiday. Later, the planters informed the peasants that loans could be repaid only by supplying Indigo to them at fixed low rates.
Soon,this system resulted in a number of problems.They are listed below:
▶▶Peasants growing Indigo on their fields received a very low price for the Indigo.So,they were not able to pay back the loan, which led them into the clutches of money lenders.
▶▶After growing Indigo,the same land could not be sown again with rice,as the roots of indigo had already taken up the nutrients from the soil.
▶▶The planters also took recourse to coercive actions against the peasants if they refused to follow the rules.The peasants were beaten up, kidnapped,confined and looted by the planters who maintained armed goons called .The local police and magistrates supported the planters' actions.
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The planters usually forced the ryots to sign a contract. Those who signed the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25% of the area under his holding. The planter provided the seed and the drill, while cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. When the crop was delivered to the planter after the harvest, the ryots got another new loan. In this way, they were trapped in the cycle of loan from which it was difficult to come out. Soon, they realised that this was a harsh system. They did hard labour day and night and got a very low price for the indigo they produced.
Other reason was that the planters usually pressurised the ryots to cultivate indigo on the best soils. But the ryots preferred to grow rice on these soils. Indigo had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest the land could not be used for rice cultivation.
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