Question

why white light splits into 7 colours of when it pass ​

Answer 1

The phenomenon of splitting of white light is called dispersion. In simple terms, when a ray of light enters a denser medium from a rarer medium, because of varying frequencies of different ‘colours’ of light present in white light (Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red) have wavelengths ranging from Violet(4000Å) to Red(8000Å approx). It is visible that the Red coloured light has almost twice the wavelength of the Violet colour, so, it doesn’t bend much while as the light of colour Violet bends the most. The colours in between bend according to their wavelengths and hence appear to have been scattered.

In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. Media having this common property may be termed dispersive media. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity. Although the term is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves, dispersion in the same sense can apply to any sort of wave motion such as acoustic dispersion in the case of sound and seismic waves, in gravity waves (ocean waves), and for telecommunication signals along transmission lines (such as coaxial cable) or optical fiber. In optics, one important and familiar consequence of dispersion is the change in the angle of refraction of different colors of light, as seen in the spectrum produced by a dispersive prism and in chromatic aberration of lenses. Design of compound achromatic lenses, in which chromatic aberration is largely cancelled, uses a quantification of a glass's dispersion given by its Abbe number V, where lower Abbe numbers correspond to greater dispersion over the visible spectrum. In some applications such as telecommunications, the absolute phase of a wave is often not important but only the propagation of wave packets or "pulses"; in that case one is interested only in variations of group velocity with frequency, so-called group-velocity dispersion.

Answer 2

Answer:

White light splits into seven colors when it passes through a prism because it is a combination of seven colors which are Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet, more commonly known as VIBGYOR. This phenomena is quite similar to how a rainbow is formed:

As you know, sunlight is white light. A raindrop acts as a prism. When a drop passes through a ray of light, it tends to create a rainbow. A double rainbow is formed when two drops pass through a ray. But, the 2nd rainbow tends to be opposite.

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