wind power,solar power,atom power,earth heat power In this which fuse is use in ladak
Answers
Answer:
Recently “Indus water Treaty” (IWT) has been brought into limelight with GOI constituting an “Empowered Task Force” (TF) headed by the Prime Minister’s Principal Secretary to look into all aspects of the treaty. The Chief Secretary J&K is an “invitee” in this task force. As per news item the TF is mandated with taking all important strategic and policy decisions regarding the treaty. It is reported that in an earlier meeting held by the PM, it was also decided that India would exploit to the maximum water of Pakistan controlled rivers including Jhelum.
Being a resident of Ladakh and having worked on mini hydro projects in Ladakh for a decade, this news report prompted me to bring into focus the hydro power potential in Ladakh within the provisions of ”Indus water Treaty”. It is also intended to draw attention of Public Representatives of Ladakh (Leh & Kargil to bring it to the notice of the empowered Task Force.
“Indus water treaty“(IWT) – the historic water sharing agreement of river systems in Punjab & J&K between the Govts. Of India & Pakistan draws its name from “Indus River”. All major rivers of north India – Beas, Sutlej & Ravi in Punjab and Chenab and Jhelum in J&K are tributaries to “Indus” as it flows into Arabian Sea. Originates in western Tibet as “Sengge Zangpo” in the vicinity of Mount Kailash and Lake Masarovar, river Indus runs its course through Ladakh for around 400km’s before entering Skardu Baltistan. Within Ladakh, major tributaries to Indus are – Zanaskar at Nimoo Leh, Suru and Drass Rivers in Kargil and Shyok and Siachan rivers in Nubra Valley. These rivers have huge hydro power potential and are economically viable, as it flow through steep narrow valleys with high velocity. Yet it is ironic that no concrete action has been taken to harness hydro power potential of Ladakh within the provisions of IWT. It appears that authorities at highest level too have not been fully briefed about power potential of Indus and its tributaries in Ladakh, if news reports referred to above are to be believed.
It is widely accepted that J&K has untapped hydro power potential of around 20,000 Mw, of which 16475 MW have been identified. It includes 1608 MW in Indus basin. Out of identified potential (16475MW), 3263 Mw has been exploited so far, which constitutes 19.8 % of identified potential. Besides, on Chenab basin 3 projects – Pakal-Dul, Kiru & Kwar, with aggregate capacity of 2164 Mw entrusted to Chenab Valley Power projects ltd (CVPP) have reportedly been cleared by Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and tendering are under process. Also, on Chenab basin, 1000 Mw Ratle HE project has been allotted to a private developer on Built, Finance, operate & transfer (BOFT) model of PPP. However, in case Indus basin, hydro power exploited so far is 93.5 Mw (incl. NHPC projects), which is only 5 % of identified potential. The disparity is obvious. Evidently, the hydro power potential in Ladakh and its economic viability has not received due attention of Planners / policy makers.
As per official documents of J&K SPDC titled ” Hydro Power Opportunities in Ladakh”, 4 potential sites have been identified on main Indus with a power potential of 760 MWs. These are : i) Ulitopo – 85MW, ii) Khalsi – 90MW, iii) Dumkhar – 70 MW, iv) Achinathang – Sanjak – 220 MW, v) Sunit – 295 mw.
Similarly, 4 sites have been identified in Kargil on Drass – Suru rivers with potential of295 MWs. These are : i) Parkachik-Panikhar on river Suru – 100MW, ii) Drass- Suru stage-I – 35MW, iii) Drass- Suru stage-II – 60 MW,
iv) Kirkit on river Drass – in range of 100 MW or higher.
Govt. of J&K has formulated “J&K state hydroelectric projects development Policy, 2011”, notified vide Govt. order No. PDD of 2011 dated 07-07-2011. This policy is applicable to projects of installed capacity of 2 – 100 Mw. The policy envisages offering potential feasible sites (identified by PDC) to Independent power producers (IPP) / intending Developers on Built, Finance, operate & transfer (BFOT) model of PPP for a concession period of 35 years with 15% free power to State Govt. and 1% for Local Area Dev. Fund during concession period. The liability of State is limited to provide land on lease / rent, power purchase agreement & sale tax exemption.
Power grid corp. Of India is laying 220KVA transmission line between Srinagar and Leh, which is reportedly designed to transmit around 300 Mw of power. This project is scheduled for completion in Oct. 2017. The generation from power projects now in operation in Ladakh including NHPC projects of Nimu-Bazgo & chutuk is just sufficient to cater to requirements of local population and Armed forces within Ladakh. Thus hardly any surplus power is likely to be available for transmission.