Question

with
4 The political disintegration of India began
the downfall of the
a, Janapadas (b) Maiveryans
(c) cholas​

Answer 1

The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India, one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the world's history. The earliest datable references to the Chola[2][3][4] are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE left by Ashoka, of the Maurya Empire (Ashoka Major Rock Edict No.13). As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the 13th century CE. Despite these ancient origins, the period when it is appropriate to speak of a "Chola Empire" only begins with the medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE.

Chola Dynasty

300s BCE–1279 CE

Map showing the greatest extent of the Chola empire c. 1030, shaded in blue represent conquered territories, shaded in pink shows areas influenced by Chola.

Map showing the greatest extent of the Chola empire c. 1030, shaded in blue represent conquered territories, shaded in pink shows areas influenced by Chola.

Capital

Early Cholas: Poompuhar, Urayur, Tiruvarur

Medieval Cholas: Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur

Gangaikonda Cholapuram

Official languages

Tamil, Sanskrit[1]

Religion

Hinduism

Government

Monarchy

King and Emperor

• 848–871

Vijayalaya Chola (first)

• 1246–1279

Rajendra Chola III (last)

Historical era

Middle Ages

• Established

300s BCE

• Rise of the medieval Cholas

848 CE

• Empire at its greatest extent

1030 CE

• Disestablished

1279 CE

Succeeded by

Pandyan dynasty

The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. The whole country south of the Tungabhadra was united and held as one state for a period of three centuries and more between 907 and 1215 AD.[5] Under Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola, and Kulothunga Chola I, the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia