With balanced chemical Equations describe the following processes-
a . Chlor alkali process
b. Solvay process
c. Plaster of Paris
d. Bleaching powder
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⭐️ Chlor alkali process
Sodium hydroxideproduced from an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called Brine).Electrolysis (passing of electricity through a solution) of brine results in the decomposition of sodium chloride and formation of sodium hydroxide. This process is also calledchlor-alkaliprocess (chlor for chlorine and alkali for NaOH).
⭐️Solvay Process:
The Solvay process is used to manufacture sodium carbonate Na2CO3.
The steps involved in this process are:
1. Purify saturated brine
2. React it with gaseous ammonia
3. The ammoniated brine is carbonated with CO2 to form NaHCO3
4. This is insoluble in brine solution, so can be filtered out.
5. On heating, it decomposes to Na2CO3
6. CaCO3 is also used to provide CO2
Reactions:
CO2 reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbonate.
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O --> (NH4)2CO3
Ammonium carbonate further reacts with CO2 to form ammonium bicarbonate.
(NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O --> 2NH4HCO3 (aq.)
Ammonium bicarbonate then react with NaCl to form sodium bicarbonate.
NH4HCO3 + NaCl --> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Due to exothermic nature of above reactions, solubility of NaHCO3 increases. To counter this effect , the solution is cooled, precipitate of NaHCO3 are separated by vacuum filtration and washed to remove ammonium salts.
Dry sodium bicarbonate is then heated to give anhydrous sodium carbonate. Carbon dioxide is then again recirculated.
2NaHCO3 --> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
⭐️Plaster of paris is formed when gypsm is heated
and it is used for various purposes and if plaster of paris is mixed with water it forms gypsm a hard substance
CaSO4+ 1WATER+1 1/2 WATER = CaSO4.2WATER
⭐️A powder containing calcium chloride and calcium hypochlorite, used in solution as a bleach. Also called chloride of lime,chlorinated lime.Calcium hypochlorite(bleaching powder )is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water. Generally it is sold as 68% calcium hypochlorite combined with calcium chloride and other salts.
___________________________
hope it helps
__________________________
YOUR ANSWER
_______________________
⭐️ Chlor alkali process
Sodium hydroxideproduced from an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called Brine).Electrolysis (passing of electricity through a solution) of brine results in the decomposition of sodium chloride and formation of sodium hydroxide. This process is also calledchlor-alkaliprocess (chlor for chlorine and alkali for NaOH).
⭐️Solvay Process:
The Solvay process is used to manufacture sodium carbonate Na2CO3.
The steps involved in this process are:
1. Purify saturated brine
2. React it with gaseous ammonia
3. The ammoniated brine is carbonated with CO2 to form NaHCO3
4. This is insoluble in brine solution, so can be filtered out.
5. On heating, it decomposes to Na2CO3
6. CaCO3 is also used to provide CO2
Reactions:
CO2 reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbonate.
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O --> (NH4)2CO3
Ammonium carbonate further reacts with CO2 to form ammonium bicarbonate.
(NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O --> 2NH4HCO3 (aq.)
Ammonium bicarbonate then react with NaCl to form sodium bicarbonate.
NH4HCO3 + NaCl --> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Due to exothermic nature of above reactions, solubility of NaHCO3 increases. To counter this effect , the solution is cooled, precipitate of NaHCO3 are separated by vacuum filtration and washed to remove ammonium salts.
Dry sodium bicarbonate is then heated to give anhydrous sodium carbonate. Carbon dioxide is then again recirculated.
2NaHCO3 --> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
⭐️Plaster of paris is formed when gypsm is heated
and it is used for various purposes and if plaster of paris is mixed with water it forms gypsm a hard substance
CaSO4+ 1WATER+1 1/2 WATER = CaSO4.2WATER
⭐️A powder containing calcium chloride and calcium hypochlorite, used in solution as a bleach. Also called chloride of lime,chlorinated lime.Calcium hypochlorite(bleaching powder )is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water. Generally it is sold as 68% calcium hypochlorite combined with calcium chloride and other salts.
___________________________
hope it helps
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