Question

with help of example and diagram
establish the relationship between
solid to liquid. during phase
transformation​

Answer 1

Phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. A typical phase diagram has pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis. As we cross the lines or curves on the phase diagram, a phase change occurs. In addition, two states of the substance coexist in equilibrium on the lines or curves

Introduction

A phase transition is the transition from one state of matter to another. There are three states of matter: liquid, solid, and gas.

Liquid: A state of matter that consists of loose, free moving particles which form the shape set by the boundaries of the container in which the liquid is in. This happens because the motion of the individual particles within a liquid is much less restricted than in a solid. One may notice that some liquids flow readily whereas some liquids flow slowly. A liquid's relative resistance to flow is viscosity.

Solid: A state of matter with tightly packed particles which do not change the shape or volume of the container that it is in. However, this does not mean that the volume of a solid is a constant. Solids can expand and contract when temperatures change. This is why when you look up the density of a solid, it will indicate the temperature at which the value for density is listed. Solids have strong intermolecular forces that keep particles in close proximity to one another. Another interesting thing to think about is that all true solids have crystalline structures. This means that their particles are arranged in a three-dimensional, orderly pattern. Solids will undergo phase changes when they come across energy changes.

Gas: A state of matter where particles are spread out with no definite shape or volume. The particles of a gas will take the shape and fill the volume of the container that it is placed in. In a gas, there are no intermolecular forces holding the particles of a gas together since each particle travels at its own speed in its own direction. The particles of a gas are often separated by great distances.

Phase diagrams illustrate the variations between the states of matter of elements or compounds as they relate to pressure and temperatures.

Answer 2

Nucleation

This is a first-order thermodynamic phase transition, which means that as long as solid and liquid coexist, the equilibrium temperature of the system remains constant and equal to the melting point. Crystallization consists of two major events: nucleation and crystal growth. Nucleation is the step in which the molecules start to gather into clusters (on the scale of nanometers), arranging themselves in the periodic pattern that defines the crystal structure. The crystal growth is the subsequent growth of the nuclei that succeed in achieving and surpassing the critical cluster size.

Nucleation Leads to Crystal Formation When sugar is supersaturated in water, nucleation will occur, allowing sugar molecules to stick together and form large crystal structures.

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