With reference to Mauryan administration, explain the following:
(a) Reforms introduced by Chandragupta Maurya.
(b) Changes brought about by Ashoka.
Answers
Chandragupta and Chanakya introduced a major economic and political reforms
He established a strong central administration from Pataliputra by the guidance of his aacharya chankya
toll tax was imposed on article which were brought for sale.Taxes were levied on liquor shops, gambling houses and some professional.Some taxes were collected from forests and mines. From the revenue collected, the state provided various facilities like roads, irrigation, hospital and met other expenses of the state.
the mauryans also had a well laid recruitment policy. The soldiers were paid in cash salary.
The mauryans king had built forts at strategic places for safety and security of the empire.
Asoka’s conversion had its effects both upon internal and external policies of the government.He instituted two kinds of circuits (anusamyana), quinquennial and triennial of state officials like Yutas, Rajukas, Pradesikas and Mahamatras. Asoka also created a number of new posts such as Dhamma Mahamatras and Dhamma-Yutas. The Dhamma-Mahamatras were given the protective mission among the people of all sects, the Brahmanas, Jainas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Gandharas, Rastikas and all Aparantas. From the Kalinga Edicts and the Sixth Rock Edict it is clearly understood how Asoka himself kept an watchful eye on the Mahar matras, especially on those who were entrusted with the administration of justice in cities.He granted much freedom to the Rajukas in their function of awarding honours or penalties so that they might perform their duty with fullest freedom and without any fear.In order that there might be uniformity in penalties and procedure, he ordered that all condemned prisoners awaiting capital punishment must be given a respite of three days during which they might appeal to the higher authorities for pardon or prepare themselves for the other world.
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